An Argument Against a Presupposition Essay -- Political Science

In The American Democracy and Its National Principle, Herbert Croly makes an articulate and powerful case for receiving a nationalistic outlook. As per Croly, we are quickly moving toward an intersection where we should pick between the customary qualities, measures and attitude of our past or grasp the chances of things to come. As a people we ought to understand that the future holds extraordinary guarantee, and that is the reason we should concentrate on enabling a unified arrangement of administration that replaces the out of date way to deal with administration: local centricity whose players are driven by their personal responsibility as opposed to the benefit of everyone. This may seem like patriotism yet this is a lacking appraisal. To Croly, patriotism is an a lot more stupendous thing. Patriotism requires considerably more than â€Å"merely† bringing together the administration; there must be a move in how individuals see themselves, from an assortment of states into a solitary American individuals. Patriotism is a philosophical perfect that far outstretches any unmistakable thing. Patriotism requires a brought together outlook concentrated on a solitary purpose of administration. Croly’s supposition, while not progressive, was still respected with suspension by numerous individuals in 1909 (the year Croly’s exposition was distributed). Individuals who were careful about a nationalistic government and a brought together outlook had a decent contention against Croly’s paper. Quite a bit of this exposition centers around this contention against Croly’s presuppositions with respect to the â€Å"progressive† result of nationalization. For one thing, Croly puts together everything in his contention with respect to the case that the â€Å"national interest† is predicated on popularity based standards (as refered to in Eisenach, p19). This is the reason individuals ought to have nothing to fear from a nationalistic government: I... ...al level (Eisenach, viii). I don't accepting the contention that merging more force into the national government constantly prompts progress. Simultaneously, Croly‘s contention against nostalgic authoritative opinion is very much established and illuminated. To be sure, there are a few intriguing focuses Croly makes about the implications of inaction and lack of concern in regards to revising the constitution. In any case, it was obvious to me subsequent to perusing the paper that his call for progressivism had, best case scenario, a few legitimate imperfections and, best case scenario, resembled one party rule to a disturbing degree. Works Cited Croly, H. (1909). The American Democracy and Its National Principle. (as refered to in Eisenach, p#) References to the presentation area are in roman numeralsEisenach. (2006). The Social and Political Thought of American Progressivism. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. (Eisenach)

Effective Study Essay

Powerful learning relies on great investigation aptitudes, yet â€Å"Many understudies ††both conventional and nontraditional ††entering school have scarcely any handy examination skills.† ( Huber, 1994, 29) Good investigation abilities don't just happen; they should initially be learned and afterward applied reliably. Effective examination procedures incorporate a preset time, an attractive spot, and a very much structured arrangement for study. A Time for Study A large number of us think we have more to do than we have the opportunity to do, and considering gets duped. It is essential to set up a calendar of day by day exercises that incorporate vacancies for doing the contemplating you need to do. Inside each investigation opening, compose the particular examination action; for instance, â€Å" Red Unit 6 In Modern Writing, answer Questions 1-10.† Keep the calendar adaptable so it tends to be changed in the event that you meet your examination objectives early-†or late. A Place to Study Pick the best spot to study and utilize the equivalent each time every day. Doing so will assist with placing you in an investigation disposition when you enter that place. Pick a spot that has the least interruptions: individuals traffic, discussion, phone, TV, and outside commotions. Typically study is the best done alone without sights and sounds that divert the eye and ear. Power the brain to concentrate eagerly on the examination task. (Silver, 1992, 26) A Plan for Study Research on the impacts of explicit investigation abilities on understudy execution proposes that the accompanying examination strategies help to improve scholastic execution. (Dansereau, 1985, 39) 1. Skim a unit or a section, nothing headings, theme sentences, keys words, and definitions to piece of information you to what you are going to consider. 2. As you need the material, convert the headings into questions; at that point look for answers to those inquiries as you need 3. In the event that you own the book, use shading set apart to feature significant thoughts: heading, subject sentences, extraordinary terms, definitions and supporting realities. Something else, make notes of these thoughts. 4. In the wake of perusing the material, survey the featured things( on your notes that contain them) 5. Utilizing the heading expressed as questions, check whether you can respond to those inquiries dependent on your perusing. 6. Test yourself to check whether you review meanings of significant terms and rundown of supporting truth on thoughts. A high adjustment exists between great investigation propensities and passing marks for courses taken in secondary school. REFERENCES Dansereau, D.J. â€Å"Learning Strategy Research.† Thinking and Learning Skills. Vol. 1. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erllaum, 1985 Huber, Rose. â€Å" Teaching Students How to Study.† Eastside Weekend. September 1-7, 1994 Silver, Theodore. Study Smart. New York: Villard Books, 1992

Citizenship in Thailand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Citizenship in Thailand - Essay Example The generators of the country states attempted to epitomize the individuals with the goal that it would be simpler for them to be controlled through the normalization of citizenship. Nonetheless, singular rights just as the proper correspondence of residents have offered ascend to unique constraints and outskirts, whereby, worldwide differences, for example, class, sex, ethnicity, and group have been caused to be imperceptible by the national talk fore the explanation that it worried on the fulfillment and solidarity, by the by, have neglected to distinguish the preclusions or abberations which individuals have encountered so far2. This paper discusses the foundation ideas and talk that partners to nationality just as citizenship with careful reference to Thailand. With respect to the private laws and human rights and how it identifies with the global law arrangements just as thoughts about nationality are a subject of worry here. In perspectives on Huddleston and Kerr, in its least difficult understanding, citizenship alludes to the remain of being a resident or individual from a specific network or state3. In such a sense, citizenship pivots upon specific rights and duties which are depicted in the law. The rights could be the option to cast a ballot, the obligation of covering charge, and so on. Citizenship is once in a while understood as nationality which is deciphered when an individual notices about applying or getting citizenship. The Thai constitution has served the isolation of the standards of play in the governmental issues of Thailand. The sole method of reasoning of resulting constitutions just as corrections has consistently been to give and continue the power and advantage of whichever military or political group happened to be superseding enough at the hour of proliferation4. Without proper citizenship, a person in Thailand is effectually a non-individual who can't cast a ballot, buy land, search for lawful livelihood, and visit between locales. In addition, they are denied induction to optional instruction and freed government social insurance. The procedure of securing of Thai citizenship is a significant mind boggling process because of the obstacle of organization just as considerable defilement. To procure Thai citizenship, it is obligatory for a person to demonstrate that both he and one his blood guardians were conceived in Thailand. More to it, a youngster needing demonstrating that one of his folks were conceived in Thailand, is at first expected to demonstrate that one of his grandparents was conceived in Thailand, thus on5 (Newsletter, 2008). 2.1 Governance Issues As far as the administration idea, Thailand comes up short on the quintessential sort. The legal procedures which are the establishment of encouraging the regular resident

Unemployment in Kenya - 550 Words

Unemployment in Kenya (Research Paper Sample) Content: Citation and Referencing Title/Cover page Outline page Body page Reference/Sources page MLA The cover page 1 Insert the cover page at the right hand side corner of the paper and then followed by the phrase Surname 2 Contents of the cover page Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Name Lecturerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Name Subject Date 3 Outline page 4 Reference/ Sources page 1 This page in MLA is called works cited 2 The elements in the works cited page are arranged in the following format Surname, First name. Title of the book (In italics. City of publication: Name of publishing company, year of publication. Mode of publication. 5 All the list of references MUST be arranged in alphabetical order 6 All the books, articles or journals used must not be older than 5 years 7 Make sure all the punctuation marks and order of elements in this list are used and arranged properly. In-Text citation 1 This is used inside/within the body of the paper to show parts of the information that have been borrowed from other sources 2 In-text citation is inserted at the end of a sentence but before the full stop 3 The citation is indicated by the surname and page number enclosed in a bracket; for example (Rono 23) (Kasimu 19) APA 1 Formatting the margin 1 Double click on the upper margin 2 Select different first page 3 Click page number and select option 1 4 Write the phrase Running head: 5 Write the title of the paper in capital letters 6 H...

The Economic Life Of Song China - 1136 Words

Several scientific and economical things contributed to the urban life in Song China. However, before the Song Dynasty could flourish as whole, the first Song emperor Song Taizu defeated warlords and consolidated Song control throughout China (Pg. 219). It can also be compared to the economy in present day china. Song China improved in science with these several inventions: Gunpowder, Paper Money + Credit, Trade, Fast ripening rice, and how urban life in Song China shapes today’s economy in china. These inventions led to the growth in economy and prosperity in urban china. Agriculture is one of the major productions of every country in the world. Every country has specific crops that are distinct to their area. Naturally, it would lead to better quality of life with as surplus grows. It has a benefit to the economy as well. The surplus can always be a way of trading with other countries; boosting the economic life of Song China. Rice was the staple crop of Song China. Fast ripening rice contributed greatly to the agricultural development. It allowed farmers to harvest two crops per year opposed to once a year (Pg. 220) A greater amount of leftover rice of course would lead to more stability of people since they would not be starving. Though, the Song Dynasty’s agriculture did not only benefit from fast ripening rice, it benefited from a new technology used in fields. Originally it was used by humans, but with the domestication of animals, specifically the oxen in north SongShow MoreRelatedThe Major Change in Sui, Tang Song Dynasty586 Words   |   3 PagesThe Major Change in Sui, Tang Song Dynasty What are the major changes in political structures, social, and economic life in The Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasty. Well during the period of the dynasty that China was unified again when Young Jian a member of aristocratic family from northern china founded a new dynasty known as Sui. The Sui dynasty started 581 and ended 618bit was founded by Sui Wendi or Yang Jian. The major changes that occurred were reduce the rich-poor social gap, enhancedRead MoreHow the Tang-Song Era Is a Golden Age1507 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition of a Golden Age is a time of economic, political, technological, and social improvement and advance at a great level. The Tang and Song Dynasties are very important to the history of Chinese civilization. The Tang Era is the most well-known dynasty in Chinese history, mainly because the empire was the largest, richest and most sophisticated state in the world at the time. The Song Era had far-reaching impacts economically, culturally, and socially. During the Song Era, there was major developmentRead MoreDevelopments in Ancient China1255 Words   |  6 Pages In the early years of China, the Chinese began a period of establishment in the world with ideas and teachings of new religions, changing powers, and building empires. In a nutshell t he Chinese were progressing toward new technology, writings, and belief systems. The Chinese saw many dynasties come and go as well as many ups and downs experienced with societies over the course of history. As all nation’s go through change, the Chinese experienced changes from other lands far away and producedRead MoreThe Northern Song1512 Words   |  7 PagesTherefore, maintaining peace and avoiding warfares became ever more important because it would be much risky for the Northern Song to get involved in warfares when the direct cost would be a heavy loss of the fertile areas of the prosperous economy supported by the highly-developed agriculture, without those barren lands as buffer zones. During the processes of warfares, the Northern Song, as a state which counted on civil administration to produce wealth, had to spend a huge amount of wealth to participateRead MoreEssay1115 Words   |  5 PagesSince china is seeing a rapid economic development in the past few d ecades, we have also heard about the environmental and other issues related to the development of the country. Since I came to china for study, I got the opportunity to learn more about the success of china’s economic development as well as the negative externalities of the development and also the problem related to higher population. I have also learned about Chinese culture, language, the interesting dynasties (kingdoms) and theRead MoreIntroduction of the Cut Throat Institutions of Western Capitalism into China1556 Words   |  6 PagesWhat many considered the modernization of China was actually China’s introduction to the cut throat institutions of western capitalism, foreign policy, and western imperialism. China for centuries had dealt with foreigners on its own understanding of foreign policy called the tribute system which maintain the idea that outside nations would be submissive to China authority as a sign of respect to the Emperor because China was seen a s the most advance country in the world and in recognition of theRead MoreContrasting the Politics, History, Economics and Education of China and the US1418 Words   |  6 Pages China, a fast-developing country in the 21st century has a long way to go to catch up with America, a well-developed country. The differences between the two countries are part of the reasons why this happen. In political aspect, they have different systems to function. In historical aspect, China has a different history from the United States. In the economical way, China is making a great progress, but the poverty and unemployment still commonly exist in the country while the US does aRead MoreChina And The World : A Golden Age1168 Words   |  5 PagesChina and the World: Ch.8 1. Why are the centuries of the Tang and song dynasties in China sometimes referred to as a â€Å"golden age†? 2. In what ways did women’s live change during the Tang and Song dynasties? 3. How did the Chinese and their nomadic neighbors to the north view each other? 4. What assumptions underlay the tribute system? 5. How did the tribute system in practice differ from the ideal Chinese understanding of its operation? 6. In what ways did China and theRead MoreCompare And Contrast Tang And Song Dynasty932 Words   |  4 PagesFollowing the collapse of the Han Dynasty in 220, China declined into an elongated term of division. China was divided and in a time of war, with a lack of leadership. It was only in the Sui Dynasty (589-618) reunited North and South China as one. The Tang (618-906) and Song (960 - 1279) Dynasties that followed created the â€Å"Golden Ages of China†. Although the Tang and Song Dynasties existed in a similar time and had a similar economy, there are also many differences between the influential dynastiesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Chinese Lessons By John Pomfret966 Words   |  4 PagesCommunism in China, it was known to be a chaotic country on the brink of self-destruction. With the emergence of the party leader Mao Zedong, came a new hope, which filled its inhabitants with the belief that China would return to its former historical greatness. American and Chinese relations before 1971 were in simple terms described as â€Å"uneasy†, due to the American, Soviet Cold War. It was not until President Richard Nixon visited China and realized the high value of having China as a ally that

The Tragedy of Being Born a Woman Essay - 611 Words

In the story The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the role of the female characters Daisy, Jordan and Myrtle find themselves in conflict with society’s expectations of them. However, they each negotiate the conflict and resolve it. By examining Daisy, Jordan and Myrtle’s roles, one can contemplate how they went about resolving the issue. The beautiful and mesmerizing Daisy Buchanan is the poster child of sociability. She lives a particular lifestyle in the privileged, high class Louisville, which her husband Tom has provided for her. She attracts all sorts of men, including Jay Gatsby, with her classy nature and voice â€Å"full of money†. She is the object of Gatsby’s desire, and represents an elite social class. Her voice is full of†¦show more content†¦She was incurably dishonest. She wasnt able to endure being at a disadvantage and, given this unwillingness, I suppose she had begun dealing in subterfuges when she was very young in order to keep that cool, insolent smile turned to the world and yet satisfy the demands of her hard, jaunty body.† Married to her husband George who owns a gas station, and lover of Tom Buchanan, Myrtle Wilson serves as a representative of the lower class. Through her affair with Tom she enters the world of the elite, and her personality change is remarkable. She conducts a secret life with Tom, where she exhibits all the power and dominance she finds lacking in her everyday life. She eventually suffers a tragic death at the hand of her lover’s wife. In the story, Gatsby is a tragic hero, while Myrtle is portrayed as a ridiculous fool. Gatsby strives out of love, while Myrtle does it out of greed. Is Gatsby seen as a hero because he is a man, or is Myrtle portrayed as a fool simply because she had the tragedy of being born a woman? Myrtle and Gatsby however do have one thing in common; theyre both trying to rise above their class. Like Gatsby, Myrtle isnt happy with the class she was born to. She insists she married beneath her, and she tries to talk about the lower orders as though shes not one of them. Myrtle and Gatsby have quite a bit in common; nonetheless they are completely different people. Throughout this story, as the same as reality, women face the conflict of meeting theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Definitions of a Tragedy: Shakespeares and Aristotles1182 Words   |  5 PagesIn writing a tragedy, there are certain standards and guidelines to which an author or playwright must follow. One such standard is the Aristotelian definition of tragedy and the tragic hero. William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Macbeth is a perfect mold of an Aristotelian Tragedy. It displays all eight aspects of Aristotle’s definition of tragedy. It is set mainly in Scotland, but briefly in England during the eleventh century. It illuminates the ideal plot, in which the action of the story, orRead More Macbeth - Tragedy Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom c omedies to histories to tragedies. Perhaps one of his most famous in the tragedy genre is Macbeth. Though Shakespeare can be considered as a scholar in the sense that he was both a renowned and prolific playwright, look back a few hundred years to find Aristotle, one of the most famous scholars and philosophers of all time. In his treatise titled Poetics, he defends poetry against criticism as well as sets standards for tragedies in quot;The Nature of Tragedy,quot; a section of the PoeticsRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare1205 Words   |  5 PagesThe first tragic story created in ancient Greece. Tragedies were written as a form of catharsis or purgation of emotions. In these types of plays, the audience finds characters in which they can relate to which is a tragic hero. 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Macbeth is gullible at first judgment, but soon became a man on a murderous rampage to keep his title as king of ScotlandRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 1129 Words   |  5 PagesMoises Duran AP English Mrs. Windsor 02/10/16 Macbeth William Shakespeare wrote one of best tragedies in english literature, which was titled Macbeth. The tragedy, as it is considered by critics of yesterday s literary world, frown upon the evil dimension of conflict, offering a dark and atmosphere of a world dominated by the powers of darkness. Macbeth, more so than any of Shakespeare s other tragic protagonists, has to face the powers and decide: should he give in or should heRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare1052 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish II 2 October, 2015 â€Å"Tragedy† of Macbeth Macbeth, a play written by one of the most influential English writers of all time William Shakespeare. It was created to be a Shakespearean tragedy. 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Evaluation of Diuretic and Antiurolithiatic Properties †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation of Diuretic and Antiurolithiatic Properties. Answer: Introduction: This research field depicts the importance of using Sida Acuta chemical as a herb based coating on materials to increase its biocompatibility. Biocompatibility is referred to as a compatibility with different living tissues and living systems just through not being toxic in nature but also harmful and at the same time physiologically chemically reactive that would not cause immunological rejection. There are different contract manufacturer of products for the medical, foot care, safety and many other industrial marketers with a strict focus on the polymeric cushioning solutions. Biocompatibility helps to establish relationship between the living tissues with completed medical equipments. Through the help of biocompatible coating a secured relationship could even be developed for the establishment of proper chemical bounding among the bioimplant and bone tissues. The states of art or literature review are developed in this research paper. However, at the very beginning a set of research questions are developed and based on those questions the project aim and objectives are also illustrated. Apart from this, the theoretical content including hypothesis, experimental set up with interactive steps and validated strategies are also developed in this paper. On the other hand, from the experiments proper results are also generated through which the results could even be analyzed properly. However, based on the project topic, a project planning or project schedule is also developed. According to Golinska et al. 2017, using the extract of the green plants, a hybrid chitosan cerium oxide nano particles were equipped by the chemists. Biocompatibility is referred to as one of the most strictly affecting issue in the current days. It has been found that due to lack of bio compatibility the biomaterials are getting destroyed the external harms. Ayeni et al. 2014, stated that in order to reduce the rate of the external harms it is necessary for the experimenters to develop such a chemical coating so that tissues could get a protection. In order to avoid the antibacterial activities different herbal extracts are widely using by different business organizations nowadays. In various industries due to the unique physico chemical and the antimicrobial features, the green herbs are widely using. Santhosh, Yuvarajan and Natarajan (2015), stated that in the phases of biological coating, different natural bio-molecule those are present in the plants as acid, protein, enzyme, am ino acids are found to be as very much helpful for the arthritis patients. The herbal coating process is widely used for bone replacement. With the help of this application the incorporation of green chemistry methods and techniques in the nanotechnology is founded as a great field of interest. Umoren et al. (2016), stated that however, for the population prevention purpose the green chemistry process is widely used. The coating could not be done using general process rather advanced equipments and technologies are required to be used by the experimenters for the development of Sida Acuta herb extract coating on the bio materials like bone, tissues etc. Veerakumar et al. (2014), stated that with the growing age of the human the bone health used to decomposed eventually. In order to reduce the issues of bone heath density the herbal coating is very much beneficial. In the recent years it is defined that the development of reliable as well as eco accommodating methods for synthesizing the nano-particles is referred to as a vital step the field of nanotechnology. In order to make recovery from different urinary diseases and blood related issues, this particular Sida Acuta extract is used by the doctors. George, Joseph and Aravind (2017), opined that different processes are also developed by them for using this particular extract exactly. The methods include: Sodium pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, anxiolytic activity, test for muscle-effects, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures etc. These might affect the bodies in normal temperature. Udhayakumar et al. (2016), opined that for the application of this Sida Acuta extract proper ly on the bones, tissues or any other biomaterials, these technologies are required to be applied by the researchers. It has been analyzed that, this flowering plant holds more than 200 genera with more or less around 2300 species. Behind coating this is also used as a food or beverage product. The Sida Acuta herbs grow in the altitude of 1525 m above the level of sea. However for preparing the extract of liquid from the herb, the plant is needed to be air dried first in the oven at 40 degree temperature for around 4 of days. 100% solvent of ethanol must be used for the continuous extraction of the herb liquid. The liquid extract could not be directly used as a coating over the tissues or bones rather proper additional extracts should also be added to it. Mathew et al. (2016) opined that, for the pharmacological evaluation and anxiolytic activities this extract is very much helpful. The issues associated to body muscles, bones and tissues could be completely diminished with the help of the application of the Sida Acuta herb Extract. This coating could be developed by the professionals by different methods like Sol-Gel Technique, biomimetic, sputtering, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), pulsed laser deposition etc. However based on the experimental budget the technology should be adopted by the developers. All the applications are very much costly in nature but at the same time, based on the type of application and accurate features of the modifiable surface techniques must be elected by the experimenters (Varadavenkatesan, Selvaraj Vinayagam 2016). In order to measure the total time taken for the experiment Rota Rod Test (RRT) technology should be used. On the other hand appropriate, temperature of the experiment hall and body should be assumed. It will help to reduce the issues of hyper activities. On the other hand, in order to apply Sida Acuta over the tissues and bones or on other biomaterials, accurate time schedule or cost management approaches are also required to be done so that it could be completed wit hin estimated accurate time. Research Question, project Aim/ project Objectives and Sub-goals The objectives of this particular project are as follows: To study the role of Sida Acuta extract for increasing biocompatibility of a material To coat the biomaterial with Sida Acuta herb extract for increasing the biocompatibility of the material to be coated To study the details of biocompatibility for determining the change in hydrophilicity, hemocompatibility and anti bacterial activities as well What are the featuring characteristics of Sida Acuta extract that protects the materials from external harms? Does the surface property of the materials changes if it is coated with the Sida Acuta Extract? Does the biocompatibility of a material get enhanced after getting coated with Sida Acuta? Theoretical content/ Methodology It has been analyzed that, for developing the environmental performance widely, all the aspects and prevalent stages of improvement are increasing ultimately. In order to increase the biocompatibility of the biomaterials the surface areas of those materials are required to be modified accordingly. Based upon the internal interaction between the biomaterial system at the exact molecular surface and the biological system the response from the biological host are very much important. Thus, it can be said that the ultimate, optimal performance and the biocompatibilities of the material bodies get influenced depending upon the properties of the atomic scale. In this particular paper, one of the common surface coating techniques such as surface modification using Sida Acuta Extract is focused by the researchers. In the field of biomedical engineering this particular technique is used for tissue repairing. Even in complex superficial modification also this technique is widely used by the developers. Most common as well as vital surface modification methods used for increasing the biocompatibility of the biomaterials are thermal spray, electrophoresis, Sol-Gel Technique, biomimetic, sputtering, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), pulsed laser deposition etc. Most of the well known biomedical companies are currently using these methods for increasing the biocompatibility of the biomaterials. In the current bone tissue engineering application field, the potential application of effective factors and optimal tissue repairing these technologies and methods are widely used. The potential applications and role of these methods and technologies are elaborated below: Pulsed Laser Deposition is referred to as a technique of physical laser deposition. This particular technique is used where high powered pulsed laser beam is strictly focused inside a vacuum channel for striking the target within the material. However, the approach of Pulsed Laser Deposition is very much complex in nature including the ablation approach also. The possibilities of plasma plume development also get increased with the application of this particular process. Not only get this but also within the heated substrate the rate of growth of highly energetic ions, neutrals, electrons as well also increased in time. However, the process of Pulsed Laser Deposition is divided into five phases through which the ultimate resultant could be achieved. The five stages are as follows: Initially the target surface absorbs the laser The plasma would be created through laser ablation of the target materials The dynamic of the plasma would be developed The ablation material over the substrate gets decomposed Nucleation and growth of the surface generated The requirement of engineering coating is eventually becoming more and more rigorous. The thermal spray is referred to as one of the important and integral part of the design process and it is an environmental concern also. In order to use a minimum number of resources and for gaining upcoming economic competitiveness this particular technique is very much helpful. The process of thermal spray could be done using two main components such as spray gun and prepared surface. For making the spray gun working the three different factors those are needed to be applied on it include energy, selection of spray material, different process media or gas. Through relative motion the spray plume is generated and develops a coating over the nominated surface of the biomaterial product. The materials those are generally used for the coating purpose for this particular research product is the Sida Acuta Extract. The Sol Gel technique is referred to as a wet chemical method that is widely used by the researchers for develop coating over the biomaterials for increasing its biocompatibility. This particular approach is also known as chemical solution of deposition. Even, for material fabrication this technique is widely used by the managerial head and the chemical solutions used in this process include sol (a short for solution). For both the discrete particles and network polymers this sol gel acts as a precursor. For this particular Biomedical engineering field application the Sida Acuta extract is used for increasing the biocompatibility of human bone and human skin as well. This coating helps the biomaterial to keep protected from the external harms. With the help of the coating the bones and skins will not be directly affected from the external harms. H0: Useful surface alteration could adhere in the outside of the materials if Sida Acuta extract is used as a coating of the materials. H1: No such measurable usefulness could adhere in the outside of the materials if Sida Acuta extract is used as a coating of the materials. Experimental setup In order to make the biomedical experiment practically, different devices and other experimental setup are required to be developed professionally. There are different coating techniques available in the market however based on the chemical characteristics of the surface area (for this experiment the surface is bone and skin tissue) the process or technique of coating should be selected by the experimenter. After judging the details of the surface area that is the bone it has been analyzed that sol gel technique must be used for the development of the coating over the bone. Not only this but also, from the process details and the features of the biomaterial surface it is defined that Sida Acuta extract is a herbal extract, thus it could be used for the coating without any kind of hesitation. In order to gain nanostructures this particular Sol Gel technique could be used. Though, the plasma spray method is commercially available and high speeded balanced process, but still this could not be used in the development of chemical coating over the biomaterial (here bone). For this particular experiment the sol gel technique is used by the researchers. For this particular method the specific synthesis metrics should be used. The other equipments those are used for the successful completion of the experiment are as follows: The temperature needed for this particular application is around 150-600 degree Fahrenheit vis 2500 and 6500 degree Fahrenheit for the traditional technique. It could synthesis large amount of products with a lower cost Certain solidifying chemicals must be used for developing coating for biomaterial However more than one biomaterial could be simultaneously co synthesized Ultra high purity material can also be synthesize Spray gun is needed to spray the Sida Acuta extract as a coating over the biomaterial (bone). However, one of the major issues associated to biomaterial coating is lack of usage of supporting materials. Room temperature and the expert team are needed to execute the experiment resultant professionally. Interactive steps Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Project initiation 27 days Thu 10/26/17 Fri 12/1/17 Understanding the details of the subject 5 days Thu 10/26/17 Wed 11/1/17 Selection of the research topic 4 days Thu 11/2/17 Tue 11/7/17 2 Literature review on role of Coating of the biomaterial with the Sida Acuta extract to enhance the biocompatibility of the coated material 6 days Wed 11/8/17 Wed 11/15/17 3 Selection of Biomaterials 4 days Thu 11/16/17 Tue 11/21/17 4 Feasibility study 4 days Wed 11/22/17 Mon 11/27/17 5 Risk understanding 4 days Tue 11/28/17 Fri 12/1/17 6 Project planning 21 days Mon 12/4/17 Mon 1/1/18 Selection of project stakeholders 8 days Mon 12/4/17 Wed 12/13/17 7 Risks management plan development 5 days Thu 12/14/17 Wed 12/20/17 9 Understanding technologies for coating 4 days Thu 12/21/17 Tue 12/26/17 10 Selecting appropriate technology 4 days Wed 12/27/17 Mon 1/1/18 11 Project execution 18 days Tue 1/2/18 Thu 1/25/18 Developing project aim 4 days Tue 1/2/18 Fri 1/5/18 12 Developing project objectives 5 days Mon 1/8/18 Fri 1/12/18 14 Developing project questions 4 days Mon 1/15/18 Thu 1/18/18 15 Developing project sub goals 5 days Fri 1/19/18 Thu 1/25/18 16 Project closure 21 days Fri 1/26/18 Fri 2/23/18 Result analysis 4 days Fri 1/26/18 Wed 1/31/18 17 Discussion 5 days Thu 2/1/18 Wed 2/7/18 19 Outcome acceptance 6 days Thu 2/8/18 Thu 2/15/18 20 Post research documentation 6 days Fri 2/16/18 Fri 2/23/18 21 Results, Outcome and relevance One of the most common techniques used for the execution of the experiment is the Sol gel techniques. With the help of this technique the biomaterial such as bone could be coated with the Sida Acuta herb extract. This particular Sida Acuta shrub grows in the tropical climate up to 1.5 meter. Mainly for the patient of arthritis this herb is very much helpful. It has been analyzed that with the growing age of human being the bone density used to get lower and thus in order to strengthen the bone of the human a proper coating of Sida Acuta herb is very much helpful. However for developing the coating on the bone a proper medical technique is required to be used. The physical properties of the biomaterials like bone could remain unchanged if accurate surface modification technology is used by the experimenters. However, for coating different complex shapes electrophoresis technology is very much helpful. According to this experimental set up no complex biomaterial or complex shaped bone is used. After this coating it is defined that, the rate of protein absorption rate get reduces because in some of the cases it requires, lower rate of protein absorption or else it will cause uncontrolled rate of immune response. On the other hand proper cell adsorption is also required while replacing the tissue cells for facilitating the growth processes. The biomaterials those are used as a blood implant must have a lower rate of ability to form clots as it is difficult from the patients perspectives. Project planning and Gantt chart Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Project initiation 27 days Thu 10/26/17 Fri 12/1/17 Understanding the details of the subject 5 days Thu 10/26/17 Wed 11/1/17 Selection of the research topic 4 days Thu 11/2/17 Tue 11/7/17 2 Literature review on role of Coating of the biomaterial with the Sida Acuta extract to enhance the biocompatibility of the coated material 6 days Wed 11/8/17 Wed 11/15/17 3 Selection of Biomaterials 4 days Thu 11/16/17 Tue 11/21/17 4 Feasibility study 4 days Wed 11/22/17 Mon 11/27/17 5 Risk understanding 4 days Tue 11/28/17 Fri 12/1/17 6 Project planning 21 days Mon 12/4/17 Mon 1/1/18 Selection of project stakeholders 8 days Mon 12/4/17 Wed 12/13/17 7 Risks management plan development 5 days Thu 12/14/17 Wed 12/20/17 9 Understanding technologies for coating 4 days Thu 12/21/17 Tue 12/26/17 10 Selecting appropriate technology 4 days Wed 12/27/17 Mon 1/1/18 11 Project execution 18 days Tue 1/2/18 Thu 1/25/18 Developing project aim 4 days Tue 1/2/18 Fri 1/5/18 12 Developing project objectives 5 days Mon 1/8/18 Fri 1/12/18 14 Developing project questions 4 days Mon 1/15/18 Thu 1/18/18 15 Developing project sub goals 5 days Fri 1/19/18 Thu 1/25/18 16 Project closure 21 days Fri 1/26/18 Fri 2/23/18 Result analysis 4 days Fri 1/26/18 Wed 1/31/18 17 Discussion 5 days Thu 2/1/18 Wed 2/7/18 19 Outcome acceptance 6 days Thu 2/8/18 Thu 2/15/18 20 Post research documentation 6 days Fri 2/16/18 Fri 2/23/18 21 Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that, different herbal extracts are available in the marketplace those are widely used in the biomedical research field. With the help of this extract the surface area of different biomaterials gets changes and due to this reason the rate of external harms also gets reduced highly. It means that with the coating of Sida Acuta the biomaterials could eventually get increased rate of biocompatibility. Before the implementation of the experiment in the real field of application, proper understanding of the topic are done accurately. In addition to proper understanding the leading objectives and aim of the projects are also elaborated in this research paper. Apart from research in details of the topic area, the objectives based of the literature review are also done elaborately. Besides topic elaboration a questionnaire set based on the research objectives are also developed in this paper. From the experimental set up and the generated resul t from the set up it has been found that with the coating of Sida Acuta herb extract over the biomaterials the features of the surface areas gets absolutely changed and thus the rate of external harm resolved and at the same time the desired compatibility also gets reached positively. From the details of the experiments and data collection it has been defined that, the assumed hypothesis are completely validated in nature. Thus, it could be said that biocompatible coating of the biomaterials for creating direct as well as appropriate chemical bounding between the bioimplant and bone tissues are possible. References Arciniegas, A., Prez-Castorena, A.L., Nieto-Camacho, A., Kita, Y. Vivar, A.R.D., 2017. Anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts and metabolites from Sida acuta and Sida rhombifolia.Qumica Nova,40(2), pp.176-181. Ayeni, F.A., Alawode, S., Joseph, D., Sukop, P., Olawuyi, V., Alonge, T.E., Alabi, O.O., Oluwabunmi, O. Alo, F.I., 2014. Investigation of Sida acuta (Wire Weed) Plant Extract as Corrosion Inhibitor for Aluminium-Copper-Magnessium Alloy in Acidic Medium.Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering,2(04), p.286. Benjumea, D.M., Gmez-Betancur, I.C., Vsquez, J., Alzate, F., Garca-Silva, A. Fontenla, J.A., 2016. Neuropharmacological effects of the ethanolic extract of Sida acuta.Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia,26(2), pp.209-215. Firdhouse, M.J. Lalitha, P., 2015. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles its applications.Journal of Nanotechnology,2015. George, M., Joseph, L. Aravind, A., 2017. A review on antibacterial activity of alkaloids from Sida acuta. Golinska, P., Rathod, D., Wypij, M., Gupta, I., Sk?adanowski, M., Paralikar, P., Dahm, H. Rai, M., 2017. Mycoendophytes as efficient synthesizers of bionanoparticles: nanoantimicrobials, mechanism, and cytotoxicity.Critical reviews in biotechnology,37(6), pp.765-778. Mathew, M., Adiga, S., Avin, S. Tripathy, A., 2016. Evaluation of diuretic and antiurolithiatic properties of ethanolic extract of sida acuta burm F. in wistar albino rats.International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,8(5), pp.122-126. Pavithra Bharathi, V., Ragavendran, C., Murugan, N. Natarajan, D., 2016. Ipomoea batatas (Convolvulaceae)-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles for controlling mosquito vectors of Aedes albopictus, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae).Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology, pp.1-13. Perumalsamy Muneeswari, S.D., Perumal, P.C., Gopalakrishnan, V.K. Poornima, K., 2016. Phytochemical Screening and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Chloroform Extract of Sida acuta Burm. F.International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research,8(4), pp.663-667. Santhosh, S.B., Yuvarajan, R. Natarajan, D., 2015. Annona muricata leaf extract-mediated silver nanoparticles synthesis and its larvicidal potential against dengue, malaria and filariasis vector.Parasitology research,114(8), pp.3087-3096. Udhayakumar, G., Muthukumarasamy, N., Velauthapillai, D. Santhosh, S.B., 2016. Magnesium incorporated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization, antibacterial and larvicidal activity.Arabian Journal of Chemistry. Umoren, S.A., Eduok, U.M., Solomon, M.M. Udoh, A.P., 2016. Corrosion inhibition by leaves and stem extracts of Sida acuta for mild steel in 1M H 2 SO 4 solutions investigated by chemical and spectroscopic techniques.Arabian journal of chemistry,9, pp.S209-S224. Varadavenkatesan, T., Selvaraj, R. Vinayagam, R., 2016. Phyto-synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Mussaenda erythrophylla leaf extract and their application in catalytic degradation of methyl orange dye.Journal of Molecular Liquids,221, pp.1063-1070. Veerakumar, K., Govindarajan, M., Rajeswary, M. Muthukumaran, U., 2014. Low-cost and eco-friendly green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Feronia elephantum (Rutaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi, and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).Parasitology research,113(5), pp.1775-1785.

LTE Networks Essay Example

LTE Networks Essay LTE Networks Name: Institution: LTE Networks We will write a custom essay sample on LTE Networks specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on LTE Networks specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on LTE Networks specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 4G is the new generation of wireless networks that has evolved from the third generation of mobile broadband communication. It is based on integrating terminals, networks and applications to fulfill increased user demand. 4G comprises LTE technology, HSPA+ and WiMax technologies. It is a general term coined by the ITU due to the advancements of the respective technologies relative to the original 3G networks. LTE systems have been designed to correct the numerous flaws related to 3G systems. The LTE systems have also been targeted to provide new services for instance; HD Video streaming and high quality voice communication. A term used to describe 4G technology is MAGIC. Mobile multimedia, Anytime anywhere, Global mobility support, Integrated wireless solutions and Customized personal service. LTE mobile networks are expected to provide high usability, global coverage, and easier broadband connectivity. This will make it easier for Telecom companies to expand coverage and consumption to areas previously not covered by 3G networks. High network capacity and low cost user-oriented services are also expected with the rolling out of LTE services. 4G communications are based on the Open Wireless Architecture (OWA). This will ensure that a single terminal can seamlessly connect to local high-speed wireless systems. For instance, when in homes, airports or shopping malls, the terminal can switch to present wireless LAN networks. When the user moves to a mobile zone i.e. a highway, the terminal can automatically switch to wireless mobile networks e.g. WCDMA or GPRS. Implementation of high performance 4G broadband necessitates use of multiple antennas, at the base station and subscriber module. Multiple antenna technology enables high capacities suited for multimedia applications e.g. streaming videos. These technologies also increase range and reliability of such networks considerably. OFDM is preferred to single carrier solutions in implementation of LTE networks. This is due to lower complexity of equalizers for high delay spread channels. A broadband signal is broken down into several narrow band carriers (tones). Each carrier is more robust to multi-path propagation. A cyclic prefix is added to maintain orthogonality within the tones. The prefix usually has a length greater than the expected delay spread. With proper coding and interleaving across frequencies, multi-path is transformed into an OFDM system advantage. This is by yielding frequency diversity. OFDM can be efficiently implemented by use of Fast Fourier Transform (FFTs) algorithms at both the transmitter and receiver. At the receiver, FFT algorithms reduce the channel response to a multiplicative constant, on a tone-by-tone basis. With multiple input and multiple output (MIMO), the channel response becomes a matrix. As each tone can be independently equalized, the complexity of space-time equalizers is entirely avoided. Multi-path is maintained as an advantage for a MIMO-OFDM system. This is because frequency selectivity caused by multi-path significantly improves the rank distribution of the channel matrices across frequency tones. Therefore, capacity is increased to BTS-on-a-chip or System-in-Package. Background Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has become a popular technique for transmission of signals over wireless channels. It has been implemented in various ways for instance; digital audio broadcasting (DAB), digital video broadcasting( DVB-T), the IEEE 802.11a, a local area network (LAN) standard and the IEEE 802.16a, a metropolitan network (MAN) standard. OFDM is also being implemented for dedicated short-range communications (DSRC). It will facilitate roadside to vehicle communications as a potential candidate for fourth generation (4G) wireless systems. The man goal in development of next-generation wireless communication systems is increasing bit-rate (link throughput) as well as network capacity. OFDM translates a frequency-selective channel into a parallel collection of frequency flat sub channels. When knowledge of a channel is available at the transmitter, the OFDM transmitter can adapt its signaling methodology to meet the channel. Since OFDM utilizes a large set of narrowly spaced sub-channels, these adaptive strategies can approach the ideal water pouring capacity of a frequency-selective channel. This is achieved by use of adaptive bit loading technologies. Here, different sized signal constellations are transmitted onto the sub-carriers. All MIMO-OFDM receivers must perform time synchronization; frequency offset estimation and correction and finally, parameter estimation. Generally, this is carried out by use of a preamble composed of several training sequences. Important improvements in throughput can be achieved when multiple antennas are implemented at both the transmitter and receiver side, especially in a rich scattering environment. This has been shown for wireless communication links in flat-fading as well as frequency-selective fading channels, multiple-transmit, multiple-receive antenna, i.e. MIMO. For portrayal purposes, the techniques can be split into two groups: space-time coding (STC) AND space division multiplexing (SDM).STC improves the performance of the communication system by coding over the different transmitter branches. However, SDM achieves a higher throughput by transmitting independent data streams on the different transmit branches and at the same carrier frequency. A potential application of the MIMO principle is the next generation Wireless-LAN technology. The current WLAN standards are IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11g. These standards are based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). A potential high data rate extension of these standards could be based on MIMO. This leads to the promising combination of the data rate enhancement of SDM and the high spectral efficiency and robustness against frequency-selective fading and narrowband interference of OFDM. Wireless LAN systems have various advantages. One is that they are mainly deployed in indoor environments. Such environments are typically characterized by a richly scattered multi-path Implementation Preamble W-LAN is a packet-switched system with a random access protocol. This means that a receiver possesses no prior knowledge about packet-arrival times. The random nature of the arrival times as well as the high data rates necessitate the synchronization to be completed shortly after the start of the reception of a packet. To enable ‘quick’ synchronization, the data packet is normally preceded with a known sequence known as ‘the preamble’. The preamble is carefully designed to provide enough information for efficient packet detection, frequency offset estimation, symbol timing, and channel estimation. Once there is accurate knowledge of the MIMO channel elements, the MIMO processing can separate the signal components originating from the different transmit antennas. To approximate the MIMO channel, it is necessary that the sub-channels from the TX antennas be uniquely different from the RX antennas. For that to be achieved, the preambles on the different TX antennas must be orthogonal as well as shift-orthogonal, at least for the channel length. Time Synchronization: 1.) Frame Detection/Coarse Timing: The purpose for frame detection (FD) is to recognize the preamble in order to detect arrival of a packet. This preamble detection algorithm can also be used as a coarse timing (CT) algorithm. This is because it inherently provides a rough estimate of the packet’s starting point. Different data-aided FD algorithms have been proposed for OFDM. For instance, a simple MIMO extension of Schmidl’s timing offset algorithm was proposed. All these algorithms are based n the correlation between the repeated symbols constituting the preamble. 2.) Symbol Timing: The symbol timing in an OFDM system chooses where to place the start of the FFT window within the OFDM symbol. An OFDM system exhibits a guard interval (GI), making it somewhat robust against timing offsets. Non-optimal symbol timing will result into more ISI and inter-carrier interference (ICI) in delay spread environments. This will result in a decrease in performance. C. Frequency Synchronization It is necessary for the frequency synchronization to correct the frequency offset. This is due to the difference in oscillator frequencies at the transmitter and the receiver. D. Channel Estimation When time synchronization is performed at the receiver and after the received signals are corrected for the frequency offset, the channel can be estimated using the known training symbols within the preamble. When the timing is performed correctly, it can be known which received samples correspond to the timing part. Synchronization Tracking using Pilot Sub-carriers The processing of the preamble deals with the initial synchronization of the MIMO OFDM receiver. However, it is very likely that the frequency offset will vary during the packet’s reception. This makes solely initial frequency synchronization insufficient. Furthermore, the system will experience phase noise (PN) invoked by the combination of RF oscillator and the phase-locked loop (PLL). MIMO Detection Algorithms: Once a packet is recognized and the synchronization and channel estimation are done, the FFT begins retrieving the sub-carrier signals. MIMO detection is applied to these signals on a sub-carrier basis. In terms of spatial multiplexing, the MLD-based detection algorithm PAC SOMLD executes well. MIMO-OFMD Design Constraints The key channel characteristics influencing wireless broadband systems are channel dispersion, Rician K-factor, the Doppler effect, cross-polarization discrimination, antenna correlation and the condition number. Doppler Effect: The fixed wireless channel Doppler spectrum is significantly different from the mobile channel Doppler spectrum. For fixed wireless channels, it was found that the Doppler is in the 0.1-2 Hz frequency range. It also has close to exponential or rounded spectrum shape. However, for mobile wireless channels, the Doppler can be at around 100 Hz. It also has the Jake’s spectrum. Cross-Polarization Discrimination: The cross polarization discrimination (XPD) is defined as the ratio of the co-polarized average received power P2 to the cross-polarized average received power; P. XPD measures the separation between two transmission channels that use variant polarization orientations. The larger the XPD, the less energy is coupled between the cross-polarized channels. The XPD values were found to decrease with increasing distance. Antenna Correlation: Antenna correlation plays a paramount role in single-input multi-output (SIMO), multi-input single-output (MISO), and MIMO systems. If the complex correlation coefficient is relatively high (e.g. higher than 0.7), diversity and multiplexing gains can be significantly reduced (or completely diminished in the case of correlation of 1). Generally, it was discovered that the complex correlation coefficients are low, in the 0.1-0.5 range for properly selected base station and receiver antenna configurations. Condition Number: The condition number can be described as a ratio of the maximum and minimum Eigen values of the MIMO channel matrix. Large capacity gains from spatial multiplexing operations in MIMO wireless systems are possible. However, this is only when the statistical distribution of condition numbers mostly contains low values. LOS conditions often create undesirable MIMO matrix conditions (i.e. high condition numbers) that can be mitigated by use of dual-polarized antennas. For low BTS antennas, most propagation conditions are non-LOS with a considerable amount of scattering, in which case the multiplexing gains of MIMO systems are incredibly significant. Current obstacles Despite the aforementioned improvements over traditional 3G networks, 4G (specifically, LTE) faces numerous obstacles in its implementation today. First, its throughput though advantageous, put it at a huge disadvantage. The fast speeds provided risk network congestion due to growing popularity of mobile broadband. This is accentuated by the stagnant growth in capture of spectrum capacity. Modern wireless technologies also have performance limited to signal quality. Secondly, pricing has been used as a deterrent by Telecoms companies due to network capacity constraints. A gigabyte goes for around $10. Roaming also poses a problem to LTE technologies. This is because different countries use different LTE network bands. Consequently, mobile devices will most likely fall back to 3G, which is universal. Mobile broadband is mostly consumed by smartphones and tablets. LTE chips require significantly more power than their 3G counterparts do to run. Therefore, battery life comes up as a problem in early smartphones. This is accentuated by the fact that LTE phones consume data faster than their 3G counterparts do. Disadvantages LTE has several disadvantages. One, it is very expensive to set up. For starters, it requires a lot more base stations than their LMR equivalents (Land Mobile Radio). Secondly, LTE equipment is quite expensive to purchase and deploy. It requires a very skilled to implement. Such high costs force the Telecoms operators to pass them on to their customers. To use LTE networks, it is necessary for consumers to purchase new cell phones to make use of new network infrastructure. The LTE standard currently supports only packet switching, as it is an all-IP network. GSM, UMTS and CDMA networks however, circuit-switch their voice calls. This will force carriers to re-engineer their voice call networks, further driving up LTE adoption costs. The Future Current adoption of 4G is not as widespread as 3G. However, its future is already being seen by recent developments. In January 2013, the ITU approved two new standards; LTE-Advanced and Wireless MAN-Advanced. LTE-Advanced will succeed current LTE networks while WiMax networks will be followed by Wireless MAN-Advanced. LTE-Advanced has been designed to meet the current constraints facing LTE especially carrier capacity. It will not necessarily increase consumer speeds past LTE’s 100Mbps. However, it will improve the overall experience. LTE-Advanced will also feature four or more antennas in a mobile device. This will potentially boost speeds experienced and their reliability. However, current applications may not necessitate an increase in network speeds.

Free Essays on Global

The central theme to this course is the concept of sustainable development. According to Dr. Peterson’s lecture on January 9th, sustainable development is â€Å"the development of a society that is just and desirable for both our and future generations.† Dr. Peterson also outlined six problems dealing with sustainable development. In this paper I will relate the countries of Nigeria and China to the problem of natural resource use and industrialization and the other five problems of sustainable development utilizing material from lectures, discussion, labs, movies, and the text. The first problem associated with sustainable development is natural resource depletion and rapid industrialization. Nigeria and China are both experiencing problems related to industrialization and the use of natural resources. Industrialization and the natural resource used go hand in hand, because the natural resources extracted from the environment in a said country is the main source for sector of the economy. The natural resource is used to produce a product, which in turn provides capital. The Nigerian society is highly dependent on non-renewable resources, namely oil, which serves as the basis of its economy. In Nigeria, oil production is estimated to peak between 2010-2050. In China, one main natural resource is hydroelectric power, used by the rapid industrialized cities. One of the prices paid for industrialization and extracting a natural resource is the Three Gorges Dam in China. The creation of the dam will result in a 350 square mile reservoir, yet 1-2 million inhabitants will be forcibly removed from their homes. Since the silt flow of the Yangtze River will be altered, farming and soil fertility will be significantly altered. And, not to mention, the endangered river dolphin will undoubtedly be driven to extinction. All these consequences will be paid for the price of 18 billion watts of power to spur economic and industrial ... Free Essays on Global Free Essays on Global The central theme to this course is the concept of sustainable development. According to Dr. Peterson’s lecture on January 9th, sustainable development is â€Å"the development of a society that is just and desirable for both our and future generations.† Dr. Peterson also outlined six problems dealing with sustainable development. In this paper I will relate the countries of Nigeria and China to the problem of natural resource use and industrialization and the other five problems of sustainable development utilizing material from lectures, discussion, labs, movies, and the text. The first problem associated with sustainable development is natural resource depletion and rapid industrialization. Nigeria and China are both experiencing problems related to industrialization and the use of natural resources. Industrialization and the natural resource used go hand in hand, because the natural resources extracted from the environment in a said country is the main source for sector of the economy. The natural resource is used to produce a product, which in turn provides capital. The Nigerian society is highly dependent on non-renewable resources, namely oil, which serves as the basis of its economy. In Nigeria, oil production is estimated to peak between 2010-2050. In China, one main natural resource is hydroelectric power, used by the rapid industrialized cities. One of the prices paid for industrialization and extracting a natural resource is the Three Gorges Dam in China. The creation of the dam will result in a 350 square mile reservoir, yet 1-2 million inhabitants will be forcibly removed from their homes. Since the silt flow of the Yangtze River will be altered, farming and soil fertility will be significantly altered. And, not to mention, the endangered river dolphin will undoubtedly be driven to extinction. All these consequences will be paid for the price of 18 billion watts of power to spur economic and industrial ...

Portfolio and Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Portfolio and Reflection - Essay Example It was a very good experience doing social work; it was different from the usual corporate sector and it gave me lot of opportunities to learn a lot. I gained knowledge about variety of tasks and explored myself about my strengths and weaknesses. My job title was Business Organizer which incorporated a variety of tasks of different types which are explained in this report. Motivation First of all, I would like to discuss about motivation and how this motivation works for a social work environment. If we go to theoretical background we will have a look about McGregor and Maslow’s work and I will apply it on a social work context. According to McGregor, in his theory X which he gave in his book in 1960, work is distasteful and people do it just for money and security, they can only work when being observed. On the other hand theory Y people are self motivated to learn and accept responsibility for work.(The Human Side of Enterprise, 1960).I found myself as theory Y worker who wa nts more participative kind of environment given to me at Hadfield. I applied for this job because I wanted to improve my employability skills and I wanted to gain experience. I wanted to know how I work even when my job is not clearly defined. My job was more like a record keeping an administrative job where I had to do tasks like photocopying and filing. Still I was able to satisfy my supervisor about my competencies and hard work. There was more participation from workforce and I got my communication skills improved The first couple of days were hectic for me as I did not know about the organization; I searched on internet about the rights and responsibilities of citizenship. But tasks included variety and depending on the need I had to do different tasks. At first I got confused about the administrative and recordkeeping work because my tasks kept on changing in first few days. But then I realized that jobs at higher levels are even more competitive so I decided to develop stami na of working for variety of tasks so that I could be able for higher jobs. I was given full chance of communicating my point of view and my ideas and the colleagues and supervisor treated me very nicely. There were certain things which I did not know about myself before the experience at Hadfield e.g. my tasks were not hard but required lot of determination and I found myself to be fairly responsible about the tasks given to me. I had never thought of using my creativity to problem solving to such an extent before. The supervisor tried to test my capability, and this proved very helpful for me because I discovered and explored my own capabilities. If motivation concept is seen with a different perspective we can take Maslow’s hierarchy. According to Maslow, in his hierarchy of motivation given in his research paper, different people have different level of needs which motivates them to work. Money and security needs are the lower level needs and when they are fulfilled, peop le earn to fulfill their higher order needs. At the stage of self actualization, a person derives his identity from work and he works because he is intrinsically motivated to work (A Theory of human Motivation, 1943). I found myself on the esteem needs of Maslow’s hierarchy. Self-Actualization Esteem Needs Social Needs Safety Needs Physiological Needs I have reached that point in my career where I started deriving my identity from my work. I worked for satisfying myself as social work gives me satisfaction. Context of social work is little bit different from the usual jobs, here money is not the motivator but inner self is. So the higher order needs are in some way related to social work. I applied for this job to gain experience and to improve my

Imaginary company's acquisition Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Imaginary company's acquisition - Assignment Example The acquisition represents a main source of change for Strawn Services because it shows the organization’s desire to change in order to survive and even prosper (DePamphilis, 2011). To carry out a successful acquisition, proper planning remains an essential aspect because it involves identifying the best features that both companies can contribute in generating a culture for the new company. Currently, worldwide competition and the desire to influence advantage propel organizations to combine resources through acquisition and mergers. Nevertheless, although acquisition may be propelled by various requirements, the main objective entails increasing their size as well as the capacity to grow. Efficiency in function is essential in promoting survival and sustainability, which drives the search for ways of extracting optimal profitability making acquisitions and mergers viable options as indicated by Strawn Services. In overcoming challenges, Strawn Services in its merger tries to exploit synergies that exist between the two organizations resulting in sharing of management expertise and increasing the financial base thaw old allow the organization to access additio nal capital resources (DePamphilis,

Acid and magnesium Essay Example for Free

Acid and magnesium Essay B unit for rate constant is not definite, because I am not certain what order the reaction is So Rate = 0. 0490 [HCl] 1. 90 This shows the rate is very dependent on the [HCl], the concentration against time is illustrated in graph 8. The reaction for H2SO4 is: H2SO4(aq) + Mg(s) H2(g) + Mg SO4 (aq) Graph 4 is Rate against [H2SO4]. I found the line of best fit is roughly a straight line. Graph 5, I plot Rage against [H2SO4] 2 and found the line of best fit is a curve. N. B the error bars shows the uncertainty is higher than I purposed Using the log method again, I found the line is y = 1. 33x 0. 889 So overall order is 1. 33 and k is 0. 129 So Rate = 0. 129 [H2SO4] 1. 33 However, the order of a reaction must be a integer, because number of particles are discrete. So the order I obtain must be an average order of the reaction. From graph 3 and 6, the points are not fitted with the line of best fit that means the gradient is not constant, hence the order is not constant throughout the reaction. The gradient of the first few points is big and decrease hence the order is high at the beginning, and decrease as the reaction proceeds. Integrated Rate Laws. Using the integrated Rate Laws, I can see how [acid] varies with time. I assume [HCl] is second order and [H2SO4] is first order. F According to the graph, the reactions seems stop after 50seconds, which is the same results in table 4. However, these two graphs are only estimations, because I have to assume the order of the reaction in the first place. For Experiment 2: HCL and Mg Using table 6, I plotted graph   and Mg Using table 7, I plotted graph 8, do some calculation as above, line of best fit is y = -1800x + 1. 71 EA= 18008. 31=15000j=+15kJ According to the rate equation, Rate = k[Acid] a, a would affect the rate, and I used Ln K for the calculation above, where I assume a is a constant. My results from experiment 1 shows that the order may have changed as concentration changes , according to graph 1 and 2, because the rate slowing down. Just look at the last two results on graph 1 and 2, it seems the order has decrease to zero, because the line of best fit is a horizontal line. This can due to the experiment error I described in page 12. Same case applied sulphuric acid, the order may has slow down as concentration increases. For experiment 3 Enthalpy HCl and Mg Q=cmT = specific heat capacity of solution x mass of the solution x temperature change. Having work out the enthalpy change for the whole reaction, the energy liberated during 20% of the reaction can be calculated. Table 11 Change of temperature during the 20% of the reaction for HCl and Mg Concentration/ moldm-3 Volume/ cm3 Mole Energy liberated during the 20% reaction/j Change in Temp/ Table 12 Change of temperature during the 20% of the reaction for H2SO4 and Mg Concentration/ moldm-3 Volume/ cm3 Mole Energy liberated during the 20% reaction/j Change in Temp/ oThe material below is reference to Chemistry in Context, it talks about the effect of temperature rise(below). From the kinetic theory, we can predict the relative increase in number of collisions when the temperature rises by 10K. The kinetic energy of a particle is proportional to its absolute temperature: 1/2mvi ? T But the mass of a given particle remains constant Vi ? T Therefore Vi 1 = T1 Vi 2 T2 Where V1 is the velocity at temperature T1, and V2 is the velocity at temperature T2. Now, suppose that the average speed of a particle is V at 300K. We can work the average speed at 310K by using the equation. This therefore shows that the average speed at 310K is only 1. 016 times greater than that at 300K i. e. it has only increased by 1. 6%. So as the calculation above, I can work out the increase in speed of particles, using the temperature change in table 12 and 13. Temperature in the solution is 24 oc, as I measured. Table 14 % increase in velocity of the particles during the reaction for HCl and Mg Concentration/ moldm-3 Temp before(T1)/ oc Temp after(T2)/ oc T2/T1 % increase in V. Table 15 % increase in velocity of the particles during the reaction for H2SO4 and Mg, Concentration/ moldm-3 Temp before(T1)/ oc Temp after(T2)/ oc T2/T1 % increase in V Entropy. The entropy of this reaction also tell us how likely the reaction would occur. HCl and Mg 2HCl(aq) + Mg(s) H2(g) + MgCl2 (aq) ?Stotal=? Ssurrouding+ ? Ssystem ?Ssurrouding= -? H/T, (T=298K, room temp) and we worked out ? H before, -1. 17kJ, Ssurr = +3. 93 Jmol-1K-1 ?Ssystem=Product Reactant , values are obtained from the databook, H2 (65. 32)+MgCl2 (89. 6)- 2(H+(0)+Cl-(56. 5))-Mg(32. 7)=+74. 5 Jmol-1K-1 ?Stotal= +78. 43 Jmol-1K-1 We can deduced that the reaction would happen spontaneously in 298K H2SO4 and Mg, H2SO4 (aq) + Mg(s) H2(g) + Mg SO4(aq) Same calculation as above, ? Stotal=? Ssurrouding+ ? Ssystem ?Ssurr=+3. 79 Jmol-1K-1 ?Ssys= Mg SO4 (91. 6) + H2 (65. 32) Mg(32. 7) H2SO4 (0+ 20. 1)=+169. 2 Jmol-1K-1 ?Stotal= +173 Jmol-1K-1 Confidently, we can deduced that the two reaction would happen spontaneously in 298K So far, for HCl and Mg, I have found Rate = 0. 0490 [HCl] 1. 90 EA =+16. 6kJ ?H= 1. 17kJ per mole ?Stotal= +78. 43 Jmol-1K-1 For H2SO4 and Mg, Rate = 0. 129 [H2SO4] 1. 33 EA= +15kJ ?H= 1. 30kJ per mole ?Stotal= +173 Jmol-1K-1 The likelihood of the reaction The reaction is very likely to happen. This is because ? Stotal is positive, suggest spontaneous reaction and its =+16. 6kJ is not very high. When the concentration increases, the temperature increases as in graph 10, hence a increase in speed of particles (graph 12), and 0. 5xMxv2 is KE, so KE increase by the square of v, which is a big gain in energy, so the activation energy curve is shifted to the right hand said and more particles has the KE to go over the energy barrier. This means the higher the concentration the higher increase in temperature, so higher velocity of particles, higher KE, hence more particles have enough energy to complete the reaction, so more likely the reaction would happen. Difference in rate. Two acids are ionic Ionic equation for acid and Mg: 2H+(aq) + Mg(s) H2(g) + Mg2+(aq) H2SO4 is dibasic and HCl is monobasic. They are all strong acid, means the H+ would dissociated fully. H2SO4 has 2 acid protons and HCl only has 1 acid proton. So 0. 1mol wrt [HCl], is 0. 1mol wrt [H+], and 0. 1mol wrt [H2SO4] and 0. 2mol wrt [H+]. The rate for sulphuric acid ought to be higher than hydrochloric acid, because the more the acid proton, the quicker the acid proton dissociate. However, when we consider about the spectator ions, SO42+ and Cl-, there is a significant difference in size, Cl- has ionic radius of 0. 180nm, S8+ has ionic radius of 0. 102nm, covalent radius of 0. 102nm, and O2+ has ionic radius of 0. 140nm and covalent radius 0. 073nm. For SO42+ overall is roughly about 0. 140 0. 103 0. 101 0. 140 the length of SO42+ is about 0. 140 + 0. 102 + 0. 102 = 0. 344 is about 2 times bigger the Cl ions. The atomic weight of SO4 is 32 + 164 = 96, and Cl is 35. SO4 is 2. 7 times heavier. From these evidence, I can suggest that during the collision, the spectator ions SO4 and Cl affect the rate of reaction as well. The SO4 ion is bigger than the Cl, so the sulphuric acid reaction, the SO4 slows down the rate of collision because of its size. But for hydrochloric aicd reaction, the Cl is relatively small and lighter, so the collision is easier to happen, hence a quicker rate of reaction.   Keith Li 111 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

Speaking From Within: A Discussion on Our Innate Ability to Learn Languages :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Speaking From Within: A Discussion on Our Innate Ability to Learn Languages For years since I moved to the United States after the age of nine, I've always been frustrated at the lack of improvement in my ability to speak English without a trace of foreign accent and my ability to write without any grammatical errors. It always seemed to me that learning languages is unlike learning anything else, I can logically understand the pronunciation of the a word or the rules of grammar, but for reasons unknown, I always found it hard to incorporate logical knowledge of language into the actual speaking and writing of English. I started to surf the web in attempt to find the reasons to why, even after spending more than half of my life in the U.S, I still cannot speak and write as well as people who were born or came here at a much younger age. At first I though the answer would be something to the extend of finding a region of the brain that is specialized for the learning of languages and that region is more developed in people other than I, who are good at linguistics. However, it turned out that the answer entails more than specialized regions in the brain, while there are regions in the brain that are specific for processing languages, what I found more interesting is that there is much evidence that supports the selectivist theory, found by Noam Chomsky that the ability to learn language is innate. Here innate means that  ¡Ã‚ °the language template is pre-organized in the neuronal structure of the brain, so that the fact of being an integral part of a given environment selects the borders of each individual neuronal structure without affecting its fine organization, which pre-exists. ¡Ã‚ ± (1) In this paper, I wish to point out evidence that supports this theory of the innateness of language, and to exam how the l anguage template develops. In conclusion, I wish to gain a better understand of my own language learning process in light of these new findings. One evidence that points to the innateness of language is the accuracy and speed at which humans process language and the accelerating rate at which children acquire language.  ¡Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ ­ the average speaker produces approximately 150 words per minute, each word chosen from somewhere between 20000 and 40000 alternatives, at error rates below .1%. The average child is already well on her way toward that remarkable level of performance by 5 years of age, with a vocabulary of more than 6000 words and productive control over almost every aspect of sound and grammar in her language. Speaking From Within: A Discussion on Our Innate Ability to Learn Languages :: Biology Essays Research Papers Speaking From Within: A Discussion on Our Innate Ability to Learn Languages For years since I moved to the United States after the age of nine, I've always been frustrated at the lack of improvement in my ability to speak English without a trace of foreign accent and my ability to write without any grammatical errors. It always seemed to me that learning languages is unlike learning anything else, I can logically understand the pronunciation of the a word or the rules of grammar, but for reasons unknown, I always found it hard to incorporate logical knowledge of language into the actual speaking and writing of English. I started to surf the web in attempt to find the reasons to why, even after spending more than half of my life in the U.S, I still cannot speak and write as well as people who were born or came here at a much younger age. At first I though the answer would be something to the extend of finding a region of the brain that is specialized for the learning of languages and that region is more developed in people other than I, who are good at linguistics. However, it turned out that the answer entails more than specialized regions in the brain, while there are regions in the brain that are specific for processing languages, what I found more interesting is that there is much evidence that supports the selectivist theory, found by Noam Chomsky that the ability to learn language is innate. Here innate means that  ¡Ã‚ °the language template is pre-organized in the neuronal structure of the brain, so that the fact of being an integral part of a given environment selects the borders of each individual neuronal structure without affecting its fine organization, which pre-exists. ¡Ã‚ ± (1) In this paper, I wish to point out evidence that supports this theory of the innateness of language, and to exam how the l anguage template develops. In conclusion, I wish to gain a better understand of my own language learning process in light of these new findings. One evidence that points to the innateness of language is the accuracy and speed at which humans process language and the accelerating rate at which children acquire language.  ¡Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ ­ the average speaker produces approximately 150 words per minute, each word chosen from somewhere between 20000 and 40000 alternatives, at error rates below .1%. The average child is already well on her way toward that remarkable level of performance by 5 years of age, with a vocabulary of more than 6000 words and productive control over almost every aspect of sound and grammar in her language.

William Butler Yeats

To Yeats, his ideas of the Irish politics of his time were never far from his modernist poems. He makes the political world seem a place of passion and contradictions, like art, requiring of us not to understand history in moral terms, such as â€Å"good and bad† but, rather, in seemingly emotionally artistic terms, like â€Å"pity† or â€Å"terror. † For example, in the poem, â€Å"Easter 1916,† Yeats fixes on the horror and captivation of the considerably devastating event of the Irish uprising. In the first stanza, the line â€Å"Being certain that they and I/ But lived were motley is worn,† signifies and emphasizes Yeats strong idea of â€Å"Irish-ness†. It is as if these men and women that he speaks of, such as Pearse and MacBride, share essentially nothing with him, nothing with each other really, except for their Irishness – the â€Å"motley† that they wore and their passion for Irish Independence – their â€Å"hearts with one purpose alone†. He recognizes and glorifies their â€Å"number in the song,† their part in the war and this brings in a technique in which Yeats quite often used which was that of encompassing classical allusions within his poetry. For example, the line, â€Å"This man had kept a school/and rode our winged horse† invites the image of Pearse, the man, riding Pegasus, a mythical beast or, it transforms Pearse into an ancient Irish hero, Cuchulain. By using classical allusion, Yeats is effectively ascending his characters into an almost intangible and iconic state. They are more than human and thus glorified, which is then ultimately sculpting Irish politics into an almost mythical state. In addition, the paradoxical line, â€Å"a terrible beauty is born,† returns in the poem like an impersonal chorus, suggesting an almost strangely impersonal event. The line, â€Å"All changed, changed utterly/ a terrible beauty is born† is a lyrically artistic buildup of stress that becomes almost chime- like in the poem, calling and announcing the coming of the birth of a new and terrible age.

Interview an Entrepreneur - 1429 Words

â€Å"An entrepreneur tends to bite off a little more than he can chew hoping he’ll quickly learn how to chew it.† (Roy Ash) Thirty-two years ago, Steve Celar embarked on the journey of starting up his first business. After many years of struggle and hard work, his business has expanded into different areas other than what he had originally intended, all of those businesses are centered on cars but mainly, Hot Rods. Steve is the founder and sole-proprietor of Kalamity Kars, and Kalamity Krash Repair. In 1978 when Steve founded Kalamity Krash Repair, Helena had little to offer for minor bodywork repair shops. There were approximately 7 or 8 competing shops in town. When first starting off, Steve did not necessarily think of himself as an†¦show more content†¦Participating in these events is another great way that Steve markets himself and the businesses. It really gives him a chance to get his businesses’ names out there. The next question I asked to Steve was, â€Å"Are your businesses involved in the community?† Steve donates annually to Small Fry Football, Helena Little League, and various children’s sporting events around time. He is also a member of Helena Hot Rod Association, and The Good Guy Hot Rod Association. Investing in the community is an excellent way to give back to the people that have helped to make your business grow, also; most donations are tax deductable. Helping out the community can also raise your business’s profile and help your business’s name become better known. My seventh question for Steve was, â€Å"How have you made your business grow?† Steve stated, â€Å"High Quality service and reliability.† Steve also at one point increased the size of his shop and had to hire workers. His new improved shop is 5000 square feet, and is built on % acres of land that Steve owns. The new shop has a factory style paint room, state of the art tools and drive on frame machine. He also now has various safety equipment such as; a fire safety system and state of the art exhaust system. As I stated before, when Steve first started out, he only had Kalamity Krash Repair. Overtime, he slowly started buying and selling cars and before he knew it, he was startingShow MoreRelatedInterview With An Entrepreneur Interview2328 Words   |  10 PagesEntrepreneur Interview Name of the student: Name of the university: Author’s Note:â€Æ' Table of Contents An interview with an Entrepreneur: 3 Report: 7 â€Æ' An interview with an Entrepreneur: In this report, an interview is conducted with the Founder, Jane Lu of the company Showpo. This online female fashion store, which was launched in 2010. Founder of the company is interrogated on her experiences and steps that she has taken in order to escalate business of the company. 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